Radiographic Review of Cardiovascular Disease
نویسنده
چکیده
Meaningful evaluation of the heart is predicated on a sound knowledge of normal anatomy, physiology, and breed variations and adherence to principles of standardized technique and positioning to eliminate non-pathologic variables. Digital radiography has helped improve radiographic technique but appropriate animal positioning remains critical. The ribs and spine should be penetrated well enough to show some bony detail (trabeculation) on the lateral view. On the VD or DV view, the thoracic vertebrae should be just visible but not show detail where they overlie the heart. One should also be able to trace the course of the descending aorta along the left side of the spine on the VD or DV view. Always consider the possibility of noncardiac anatomic or pathophysiologic factors that can alter the appearance of the heart including congenital anomalies of the spine, sternum, or rib cage, intrathoracic masses or fluid, megaesophagus, pneumothorax, lung collapse, a diaphragmatic hernia, trauma (including broken ribs, lung contusion), and pneumonia or other parenchymal lung densities overlying the heart. Chest radiographs are fairly accurate for identifying left atrial (lateral view), left ventricular and right ventricular enlargement (DV view). Right ventricular and right atrial enlargement are often over-interpreted. Left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy is more visible than concentric hypertrophy.
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